Theories of Criminality, Aggression and Violence

Theories of Criminality, Aggression and Violence Criminal Psychology George C. Wall Crime will affect every one of us one way or another at some point in our life. We may not be the one who is victimized but it may be a family member or neighbor, but we are still affected in some way. Criminals have many reasons why they choose that lifestyle, whether it is a psychological defect or just a way to make it through life, they all have their reasons. If we can find the reason for the crime then we may be able to start combating it and help change those who commit crime. There are many factors that cause a person to choose the criminal lifestyle. There are psychological factors as well as social risk factors when it comes to crime and these factors have different effects on people. When we examine the various psychological risk factors we look at the cognitive and language deficiencies, the individual’s intelligence, conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 45). These psychological issues can affect the way a person learns proper behavior and affects the way they assimilate into society. The way a person learns and interprets what they are taught can make a difference in the way they behave. â€Å"Cognitive and language impairments increase the risk of antisocial behavior, at least in boys† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 47). Antisocial behavior is a key item when it comes to the choice to violate the norms of society and the choice to become a criminal. These impairments can also lead a person to have a lower intelligence level. It is believed that if a person has a low intelligence level then they may be more apt to commit crime, due to their failures in school and these failures can lead to delinquency (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 47). Let us take a moment to look at how conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder apply to criminal psychology. ADHD has three key behaviors, inattention, impulsivity and excessive motor control (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 50). ADHD can contribute to criminal behavior, â€Å"some researchers estimate that about one-fourth of all children with ADHD engage in serious antisocial behavior during childhood and adolescence and criminal behavior as adults (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 51). Another serious condition is called conduct disorder, which is â€Å"characterized by persistent misbehavior† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 52). This misbehavior can lead a person to take on the criminal lifestyle without looking back. The final condition we will look at is oppositional defiant disorder, which is a child who is â€Å"negative, hostile, and defiant, more than is expected for his or her age, and lasting for at least six mon ths† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 54). As with many psychological diagnoses, you can have a person who suffers from any combination of disorders. We have now examined the psychological factors in criminal psychology; now let us look at the social factors. The social factors include issues such as poverty, peer rejection, poor preschool child care, school failure, association with antisocial peers and the lack of proper after school care (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pgs. 31-37). The various social factors can be present in any level of society from the wealthy to the poor. When we talk about those who live in poverty it is important to recognize that â€Å"the great majority of poor children and adults are law-abiding citizens† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg 33). There is some connection between poverty and crime but it is not always the case, â€Å"while people in poverty might commit crimes of desperation, white-collar criminals often commit crimes of opportunity† (Vogel, 2008). Early peer rejection is a social factor that can cause a normally happy and compliant child to turn into a hostile antisocial child. â€Å"One of the strongest predictors of later involvement in antisocial behavior is early rejection by peers† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 33). When a child is rejected by their peers they must fulfill that need for acceptance somewhere, they tend to find each other and only interact with each other. â€Å"During the adolescent years, involvement with antisocial peers shows a robust and consistent relationship to delinquency, drug use, and a range of other problematic behaviors† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 34). Poor preschool care and the lack of proper after school care can also contribute to antisocial and criminal behavior. Preschool is often a child’s first lengthy interactions they have outside of their immediate family. Preschool is also where they begin to develop their social, language and learning skills. â€Å"Poor-quality child care has been reported to put children’s development at risk for poorer language, poor cognitive development, and lower ratings of social and emotional adjustment† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 36). This poor development goes hand in hand with the psychological issues of inadequate cognitive and language development. Proper after school care can also help prevent antisocial behavior. It is believed that children who are by themselves for large amounts of time after school tend to develop behavior problems (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 37). Organizations within the community can make a difference in a child’s life, â€Å"day-care cent ers that open their doors to children after school hours or community groups that offer after-school programs in troubled neighborhoods can make a positive difference† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 37). School failure also plays a role in the development of antisocial and criminal behavior. Again, we can see where school failure can affect the cognitive and language development of an individual. â€Å"School failure eventually affects the community through higher rates of crime†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Poole, 1997). In today’s world the lack of education limits a person on what jobs they can perform and who will hire them. This lack of employment can cause a person that normally would obey the law to become a criminal just to survive. In trying to understand the mind of a criminal we must consider all factors that created the person we are studying. These risk factors, rather they are psychological or social play a role in the development of antisocial and criminal behavior. In addition to risk factors we must also study human aggression and violence. These risk factors will affect how a person handles aggression and violence since the way they develop coping methods can be affected by the way they learn to be a part of society. There are many theories on aggression and violence in humans. Some scientists believe that â€Å"humans are born aggressive and naturally violent, or born relatively free of aggressive tendencies† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 111). The human being is able to develop the ability to control the aggression and violence through various learning methods. When the negative psychological and social issues develop we are unable to develop the proper methods to control ourselves. There have been many different theories and models developed over the years addressing aggression. The psychodynamic viewpoint assumes â€Å"that humans, by their very nature, will always be prone to aggressive impulses and hence are likely to commit violent acts if these impulses are not appropriately managed or held in check† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 112). In addition to the psychodynamic viewpoint you have the ethological viewpoint, which is â€Å"the study of animal behavior in relation to the animal’s natural habitat, and it compares that behavior to human behavior† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 112). In addition to these viewpoints there are various models associated with aggression and violence. The Cognitive-Neoassociation Model that thoughts and memories that are created through our early years are associated with aggression (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 115-116). There is also the Excitation Transfer Theory, which is a â€Å"theory to explain how physiological arousal can generalize from one situation to another† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 116). This theory purposes that a person can be subjected to a negative event and because of that event they carry that anger or frustration to another event. Additionally, there is the Displaced Aggression Theory, â€Å"aggression is displaced when the target is innocent of any wrongdoing but is simply in the wrong place at the wrong time† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 116). An example of this would be where a husband is angry at their wife and someone accidently bumps in to him and in turn they are assaulted. It is difficult to address all the theories to every incident, but we must keep every possibility in our minds when we are evaluating the cause of the aggression or violent act. We have theories to follow as well as some cognitive models of aggression. These models â€Å"have hypothesized that, while observational learning is important in the process, the individual’s cognitive learning is important in the process† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 122). The two models we will look at are the cognitive scripts model and the hostile attribution model. These models examine human behavior and the tendency to be aggressive and violent. The cognitive scripts model believes that â€Å"social behavior in general, and aggressive behavior in particular, is controlled largely by cognitive scripts learned and memorized through daily experiences† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 122). This model states that behaviors and the responses a person has is based on what we all go through in life, our ups and downs. The hostile attribution model believes that people who are violent and aggressive often â€Å"interpret ambiguous actions as hostile and threatening† (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 123). These individuals may take a simple shoulder bump as an aggressive action and may become aggressive or violent towards the person. Exposure to violence in mass media has also been attributed to violent and aggressive behavior. Studies suggest that people, who play violent video games, watch violent movies or television shows may be more prone to aggressive and violent behavior (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 131). These theories are often debated within the psychological community itself. There are different theories and approaches to aggressive and violent behavior. There are psychological and social factors that come into play as well. There are some environmental factors can lead to a person to make bad choices in life. Complications during birth, prenatal exposure to nicotine, alcohol and drugs, faulty brain development, and exposure to toxins can all lead to antisocial and criminal behavior (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pgs. 69-73). Exposure to these environmental factors can cause the fetus to develop improperly, which can lead to antisocial behavior (Bartol Bartol, 2014, Pg. 69). The criminal mind is a difficult thing to understand. They each have their own reasons for committing crime and even though there are risk factors that can attribute to the choices that an individual may make. Along with all the theories, models and viewpoints we cannot ignore the person that commits the crime, while one of these may apply the end result is that crime was committed and a victim was created. References Bartol, C., Bartol, A. (2014).Criminal behavior a psychological approach. (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Poole, D. L. (1997). The SAFE project: Community-driven partnerships in health, mental health, and education to prevent early school failure. Health Social Work, 22(4), 282-9. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/210556291?accountid=159007 Vogel, S. (2008, Aug 24). Does poverty = crime? scholars disagree. McClatchy Tribune Business News. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://search.proquest.com/docview/464394103?accountid=159007

Legal Aspects of Health Care Administration

In the practice of Health Care Administration, there is an organizational hierarchy that is followed. This organizational hierarchy dictates the way duties and responsibilities are spread out over the vast number of job descriptions available at the healthcare center.Since these duties and responsibilities are given to specific healthcare providers and professionals, it is important that they all understand what the scope of their practice covers. Scope of practice, as defined by Joyce Mitchell and Lee Haroun in their textbook Introduction to Healthcare refers to a healthcare professional â€Å"understanding exactly what one is legally allowed to do in one's profession.† Scope of practice defines the parameters by which a healthcare professional can perform certain procedures, actions, and details. Such duties are usually limited by the medical education and training that one receives both in the classroom and clinical experience. As such, the medical professional is expected to display a certain amount of competency as certified by the local state regulation exams and certifications.The Healthcare Professions Council also defines scope of practice in terms of a statement of tasks.   â€Å"Scope of practice statements describe in general terms what a profession does and how it does it. On the other hand, reserved acts, defined as those â€Å"tasks and services involving a significant risk of harm,† need to be restricted, and may only be performed by professions to whom they are, on a non-exclusive basis, assigned, and so long as those performing them are acting within the scope of practice of their profession.† As such, the scope of practice can vary from state to state although the general essence of the law remains constant in order for the public to understand the governing regulations pertaining to scope of practice.Due to the gravity of the responsibility attached to each medical practitioner's position in the organization, it is ver y important for organizations and healthcare managers to specifically define and develop the responsibilities of each person who is a member of the medical staff. Each member must know exactly what duties, responsibilities, and functions are expected of him and one must never over step those boundaries.It is highly important for each medical professional's role to be defined and delegated to the right medical professional because of each function spells the difference between life and death for the client. Therefore, the healthcare administrator or Nurse Manager must, according to Helen A. Schaag, MSN, MA, RN, author of the paper on The Role of the Nurse Manager in Maintaining Quality and Managing Risk: (1) hold other RN team members accountable for appropriate delegation, and (2) hold team members accountable for the implementation of their delegated actions, provide the appropriate feedback to team members. The healthcare administrators assume all responsibility for tasks delegate d to team members. Each team member must be allowed to perform his or her outlined task at any given opportunity, but within supervision of the healthcare administrator.Once the scope of a medical practitioner's practice is violated in any way, the said healthcare professional is liable for his actions. Let us not forget that the main responsibility of a healthcare professional is to â€Å"Do no harm†. This is why a healthcare professional must only function within the boundaries set by his scope of practice. The ultimate result of the act of overstepping the boundaries of one's scope of responsibilities becomes legal in some instances.Negligence is a case that stems from an incorrectly executed action, even if under supervision, by a person who is not legally allowed to perform such methods. Healthcare professionals train for years before being given a license to perform any procedures. Therefore, they are held in higher regard than someone who has not completed the same lev el of training is.This act of negligence is commonly termed within the medical field as Malpractice. This implies a failure on the part of the medical professional to perform his duties within a certain mandated skill as displayed by persons of his training status. This usually results in injury, loss, or damage to the patient and his relatives.In any organization, the employers carry command responsibility for the actions of their employees. In the medical field, this is termed as Respondent Superior. What this means according to Mitchell and Haroun, as excerpted from the book, Introduction to Healthcare is that, † (1) A physician could be held liable for the consequences of a medical assistant administering the wrong medication, and (2) A patient suffering injuries from a fall caused by incompetence of a physical therapist assistant could be awarded damages (money to compensate for injury or loss). The supervising therapist could be financially responsible. â€Å"Therefore, the scope of practice of a healthcare professional is non-transferable due to the various life threatening and legal implications that may arise from such actions.Work CitedMitchell, Joyce and Haroun, Lee. 2005. Introduction to Healthcare. Singapore. Thomson-DelmarSchaag, Helen A. 2001. The Role of the Nurse Manager in Maintaining Quality and Managing Risk. ANA Nurse Risking Management Services. Retrieved March 17, 2007 from http://nursingworld.org/mods/archive/mod311/cerm204.htmScope of Practice Review. Part I – Volume 1. July 21, 2005. Health Professions Council. Retrieved March 18, 2007 from http://www.healthservices.gov.bc.ca/leg/hpc/review/part-i/scope-review.html

The 5-Minute Rule for Persuasive Essay Topics about Screenwriting

The 5-Minute Rule for Persuasive Essay Topics about Screenwriting Athletes should not be permitted to move teams. Children should have to read more. Kids need to be able to vote. Animals ought to be equal to humans. Donating blood ought to be mandatory. Personal colleges are far better than state colleges. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. School tests aren't powerful. There's a selection of essay types, and every one of them is able to assist you in developing your abilities and widening your knowledge. To acquire the maximum grade for your essay, you need not just to fill it with pertinent info and dependable facts or examples from your own personal life. Knowing the critical elements in argument essays can allow you to construct arguments which are more logical and ultimately write more persuasively. The central goal of any introduction is presenting the principal idea of your definition essay, in different words, you are to state clearly what you're likely to define. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. For instance, if you're writing about this issue about elite athletes, you could argue that Michael Jordan is an elite athlete due to the skills he has. Before you begin to compose your essay it's wise to produce a list of the points you. Consult our professional writers and you receive the very best hook essay. Silent letters in words ought to be removed. To compose an essay from scratch might appear a complicated job for you. It is beneficial to try to remember that one page of screenplay text is usually understood to represent one particular minute of on-screen action. Find out more about the very first decade of film production to discover what themes were most common. Persuasive writing is quite typical in advertising where marketing professionals attempt to convince you to purchase something. The strategies above can help you learn to compose a great hook for your essay. Our qualified academic experts will assist you in finding an ideal persuasive essay topic according to all of your requirements and compose a custom-tailored model answer. There are many different persuasion strategies that were demonstrated to be the best in an argumentative essay. Below given is a superb assortment of College persuasive paper subjects. Therefore, if your assignment is to compose an essay and you would like professional aid, you need not look any further. Before students begin to write, it is a fantastic idea for them to earn a list of the points they would like to make to their readers. Many students are willing to develop their writing skills. The principal aim of brainstorming is to generate a wide range of special ideas everyone is able to utilize. There are some easy guidelines to follow to be able to be in a position to compose a very good persuasive essay. Each page is going to be dedicated to various skills you will need to be a well-rounded artist, storyteller, entrepreneur and filmmaker. Our primary objective is to satisfy our clients' needs. Getting the Best Persuasive Essay Topics about Screenwriting For instance, you might pick the topic wedding and invent a funny story about a function which goes wrong. Nothing too in-depth, but a general idea about what the film is all about. The film business is a fantastic industry that chronicles human society. There should be sufficient time both for study and rest. however, it isn't always the circumstance. Keep in mind your evidence must attract reason. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory over a particular age. They should be mandatory for the first five years after getting a license. Although having the ability to write persuasively can look like a tricky thing for children to learn, remind them that everyone has valid opinions. It is suggested to look for the one which has a superior reputation and offers high-quality papers at inexpensive rates. There are lots of online services on the web. A great start is a guarantee of succeeding.

Fun Holiday Science Projects

Are you looking for another source of fun for the winter holidays? Why not add some educational science projects with a winter holiday theme? These seasonal activities and experiments will entertain you, plus you may learn something too. Christmas Tree Preservative - You can use a little chemical know-how to keep your holiday tree fresh and beautiful. All you need are some common household ingredients. Marbled Scented Gift Wrap - Use a surfactant to marble paper to make your own gift wrap. You can embed a fragrance in the paper, too, so that it can smell like candy canes or Christmas trees. Make Your Own Snow - If the temperature where you live dips below freezing, then dont settle for polymer snow. Make your own water snow! Magic Crystal Christmas Tree - Grow crystals on a paper or sponge Christmas tree with this fun and easy project. Poinsettia pH Paper - The colorful bracts of this traditional holiday decoration contain a pigment that you can harvest for use as a pH indicator. Kid-Friendly Snow Globe - This is an arts-and-crafts type of project that shows even very young kids how to make their own snow globe or water globe. Crystal Snow Globe - On the other hand, if you are more proficient with chemistry, try using benzoic acid in your snow globe. The benzoic acid precipitates into crystals that look very much like real snow. Make Colored Flame Pinecones - Toss one or more of these pinecones onto a holiday fire to produce colored flames. Make Fake Snow - Do you want a white Christmas, but know it wont snow? Make artificial snow! Make Peppermint Cream Wafers - This is a cooking recipe that is written more like a chemistry project procedure. You can eat the candy that you make. Copper Plate a Christmas Ornament - This is an electrochemistry project in which you plate a bright copper coating onto a holiday ornament. Its educational and produces a pretty decoration. Make Snow Ice Cream - You can learn about freezing point depression or just make a tasty treat. If you dont have snow, substitute shaved ice in these recipes. Grow a Crystal Snowflake - Crystal snowflakes make beautiful sparkly holiday ornaments. They grow overnight, so they dont take much time to make. Cheery Colored Fire - A holiday fire is always nice, but its even more festive if you add some color. These chemicals are readily available and safe enough for use in your home. Re-Use the Turkey Thermometer - You dont have to throw away the pop-up thermometer that comes with a holiday turkey. You can reset the thermometer to use for other turkeys or poultry. Glow in the Dark Crystal Snowflake - These snowflakes are cool because after you turn out the lights they continue to glow for a while. Baking Powder vs Baking Soda - If you run out of one or the other during your holiday baking, you can substitute the ingredients. You just need to understand the chemistry of baking powder and baking soda. Silver Crystal Christmas Tree - Grow pure silver crystals on a tree form to make a glittering silver Christmas tree. This is an easy chemistry project that makes a spectacular decoration. Holiday Gifts You Can Make Top Gifts Science Geeks Can Make - This is a collection of quick and easy gifts you can make using your chemistry know-how. Signature Scent Perfume - Crafting a signature scent is a classic chemistry project. Solid Perfume - You can also make a solid perfume, which is a convenient alternative to liquid perfume. Fizzy Bath Balls - Fizzy bath balls use sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to produce their fizz. Scented Bath Salts - There are different types of salts. A good scientist knows which to use to make soothing bath salts. Festive Gel Air Fresheners - You can make your own air fresheners. You can layer festive colors and add holiday scents, too.

Performance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned - 1223 Words

Knowing wrong from right seems to be a harder and harder concept for people to grasp. As the American culture wanders farther and farther from a Christian Worldview, so it seems America loses its grip on morals and ethics. In this paper, there will be an exploration of ethics in regards to performance enhancing drug use in athletes. Performance enhancing drugs should continue to be banned due to health risk factors, the element of cheating and abuse of the athlete s body. Paul is a dedicated young athlete. He works hard on the field and hard in the weight room training his body to peak conditioning for his sport. As a result of his hard work, Paul has secured a spot in the starting lineup. As his team develops and grows, Paul sees his team mates taking a performance enhancing drug and seeing phenomenal results. Paul believes that the coaches are aware, but turning a blind eye due to the success that the team has been having and that the drug is not technically illegal. Pau l has recently been told by the coach that he is in danger of losing his starting spot because other athletes are outperforming him. Paul has been approached by his teammates with the opportunity to use the performance enhancing drug to catch up. Paul is torn. Should he give in and take the performance enhancing drug since it s not illegal? In that way he can catch up to his teammates performance and stay on the starting squad and get the accolades that go with it, but that requires theShow MoreRelatedPerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned1645 Words   |  7 Pagesrules by using performance enhancing drugs each year. Performance enhancing drugs help athletes to becomes bigger, faster, and overall better at their individual sport. This process is called doping. Doping can be defined as using drugs and various substances to better perform at a particular task. Furthermore, these athletes act in the moment and fail to see all aspects of these performance enhancing drugs. Contr adictorily, some individuals argue that performance enhancing drugs should in fact be allowedRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned1259 Words   |  6 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs are substances that if taken allow humans to excel at different activities such as sport. I strongly feel that there should be a strict law that states if any competitive athlete is caught using drugs they should face a lifetime ban for a first offence. Firstly drugs are illegal! Secondly, they are also banned in sports however that doesn’t stop people from misusing them. Thirdly they can damage your body and be extremely addictive. Currently, in most countries, the lawRead MoreUse Of Performance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned1961 Words   |  8 PagesThe controversial question is whether the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PED) in sports should be banned or not. Professional sports are popular in most countries. Major franchises are dealing with the issue of PED being us ed by the athletes who are paid to perform in the sport on the belief that they are naturally a raw talent. This controversial essay will side with the banning of PED use in any type of sport activity, whether it is at professional or amateur level. Both sides of this issueRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned For Athletes600 Words   |  3 Pages Performance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned For Athletes The use of Performance Enhancing Drugs(PED) has a major impact on athletes negatively and cause many problems in sports and competitions. These PEDs should be banned for athletes and competitors on any level because they are, unhealthy and harmful to the body, give users an edge over competitors, and it diminishes the true sportsmanship of the game itself. The illegal use of Performance Enhancing Drugs lead to many unhealthy and potentionalyRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned in Professional Sports2737 Words   |  11 Pagesfifty game suspensions without pay for using performance enhancing drugs. Big names such as Ryan Braun and Alex Rodriguez were on this list. Testosterone, an illegal substance, is what is found in the performance enhancing drugs. Testosterone increases male characteristics such as body hair, aggression, deepening of the voice, and of course massive muscle growth (â€Å"Steroids† par. 1). Some professional athletes claim to use performance enhancing drugs to recover more quickly from injury; others takeRead MoreAnabolic Steroid Use in Sports Summary1493 Words   |  6 Pagesfierce among athletes. Winning at all cost often includes using one of many performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids. Many athletes use performance enhancing drugs, like steroids, to achieve higher goa ls and set higher records than other drug-free successful athletes. Although athletes are performing at higher levels when using such drugs, what is the cost? Finally anabolic steroids should remain banned from sports because their use results in many harmful side effects; because theirRead MoreSteroid Use in Sports1732 Words   |  7 PagesAround an astonishing ten to fifteen percent of professional athletes use illegal steroids which are also known as performance enhancing drugs. These substances which are banned in professional sports aren’t just any type of steroid or drug. They are called anabolic steroids or performance enhancing drugs, and they are synthetically produced substances of male testosterone hormones. The use of these illegal steroids has garnered a lot of publicity within the world of sports over the past few yearsRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Not Be Legalized1129 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs should not be legalized ‘Olympic track star Marion Jones was sentenced in a federal court to six months in prison.’ (Kelly and Rao, 2008) The reason why Jones was guilty is because of the use of performance enhancing drugs since 1999. More and more famous athletes prove to have used banned drugs to enhance their performance. At the same time, the role that the anti-doping agency is more and more important in the world wide games, such as Olympic Game, Tour de FranceRead MoreAnabolic Steroids : Use And Performance Enhancing Drugs1516 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of performance enhancing drugs like anabolic steroids has been a debatable topic in the United States as early as the 1950’s. Former U. S. Representative Howard Berman expresses that â€Å"Steroids can seem necessary to compete at the highest level, and the quick rewards may seem to outweigh the long term consequences to users.† The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) states that countless athletes, both young and old, fa ce life threatening illnesses due to the use of performance-enhancing drugsRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs791 Words   |  3 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs Using performance-enhancing drugs such as doping. Most of the athletes take PED’s so they can win a golden medal for their country. And they want fame. No any athlete shouldn’t take PED because no one knows the risks. The penalty for using performance enhancing drugs should be stricter because it can cause health risks, it’s cheating, an it’s legally, and world class athletes use it and still get away with it. The government should banned drugs so no any athlete shouldn’t

African-American History Since 1877 Free Essays

Film Analysis Gregory Hamlin HIST 222. African-American History Since 1877 Professor Alli Chambers American Military University October 14, 2012 Documentary Film Analysis Worksheet History 222 – African American History Since 1877 Instructions: †¢ You will find the list of films you can choose from in the assignment section of the course. †¢ Go to the list and pick your film. We will write a custom essay sample on African-American History Since 1877 or any similar topic only for you Order Now You must view the entire film. If you can’t access films because of deployment, geographic location, or other reasons, please let your instructor know so they can give you an alternate assignment. Please type you answers into this sheet. You must submit the worksheet two ways: 1) upload the worksheet as a Word document 2) cut and paste your answers into the student response box for the assignment. †¢ You must answer in complete sentences, using a short answer/paragraph format. 1. What is the title of the film you picked? The title of the film I picked was â€Å"A Class Divided†. 2. Why did you pick this film over the others offered? The reason I picked this film was because of the message it offered. The message was brought about at a time where most people who agreed with the message were a minority. This message changed the individual’s lives that were part of the documentary. 3. What is/are the central message(s) of this documentary/fictional film? Be specific. Use examples from the film to support your choice. The central message of this documentary was to never discriminate. â€Å"Discrimination is the treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit† (Discrimination). Discrimination can come in a variety of ways, such as racial or sexual discrimination. The discrimination that was most talked about in this film was racial discrimination. In 1968 a teacher by the name of Jane Elliot asked her students what they thought of other racial groups such as African Americans and Native Americans. They stated that they were dumb and explained the different obscenities that were thrown at them. In response, the teacher from the film set up a scenario where she divided her class into two groups according to eye color. There was a brown eye color group and a blue eye color group. She told the class that the blue eye color group was more superior to the brown eye color group. The brown eye color group was not as smart, they could not use the water fountain, and the blue eye color group had extra time for recess. This caused the brown eye color group to be unfocused, unhappy, and humiliated. The next day the teacher switched the groups around so that the blue eye color group was the more superior. This caused the blue eye color group to feel the same as the blue eye color group the previous day. At the end of this scenario she asked both groups how it felt when they were the less superior group. They stated that they did not like it and they hated being separated from their peers. Then she asked them should they treat people with a different color differently and they stated no. Then she asked should they treat people of a different skin color different, they gave the same response (Peters). This taught the children not to discriminate against anyone and they learned not to discriminate by playing those scenarios. This message was incredibly strong. 4. Consider the effectiveness of the film for this history class. What are its strengths and weaknesses of this film in documenting history? The effectiveness of this film is very strong because of the fact it shows that we all deserve to be treated equally. This is important to this history class because in the lessons we learn during this class deal with Civil or Equal rights of all Americans. The film was a documentary about the lessons a classroom of children and adults learned from a teacher about discrimination. No one should be discriminated against. The only weakness I saw in this film was that the studies that were done transpired in a prominently white community where they do not deal with other minorities on a day to day basis. Due to this fact, the study is not as realistic as it could have been if it were to transpire in a community where there is more diversity. 5. How do you think the filmmakers want the audience to respond? Is there a social justice message? If so, what is it? I think the filmmakers wanted the audience to respond to this film positively. The documentary had to be a breath of fresh air during the time frame it was produced. It was created during a time were discrimination and prejudice was very common among whites and minorities. The social justice message is to treat everyone equally and do not discriminate based on the color of one’s skin. 6. Did the documentary leave you with any unanswered questions? If so, what were they? An unanswered question I had about this documentary was whether or not the teacher experienced seeing minorities treated a certain way that made her want to teach others to never discriminate against one another? Did her parents raise her to treat everyone equally or is this something she wanted to do on her own? 7. How did this film change any misconceptions or stereotypes you had about the subject matter? If so, what were they? This film did not change any misconceptions or stereotypes I had about the subject of discrimination. I was raised in the south where I have faced discrimination from white people. I have also become friends with white people who do not discriminate at all and were raised with the same values instilled in them as some of the individuals from this film. 8. What is the most important thing you learned from watching the film? The most important thing I learned from this film is that there are people out there who genuinely care for others and how they feel. This teacher from Idaho did not have to teach those children that discrimination was incorrect. She just genuinely cared for these children to grow with good moral values. 9. Why is this film important to understanding contemporary African American History? This film is important to understanding contemporary African American History because discrimination was huge issue during the Civil Rights Movement. It took men like Martin Luther King to stand up for minorities and speak out against discrimination and other various issues. As a result the Civil Rights Act of 1964 came about that put an end to lawful discrimination. Bibliography Discrimination. Dictionary. com.  © Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.. http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/discrimination (accessed: October 14, 2012). Peters, William. â€Å"A Class Divided. † Recorded March 26 1985. Web, http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=GouGUeB3fYs. How to cite African-American History Since 1877, Essay examples

Human Resource Management Marriott Hotel

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Managementfor Marriott Hotel. Answer: Introduction Human resource management plays a vital role in the management of human as well as other resource in the company the hospitality company that will be discussed in this report is Marriott which is one of the leading brand in hotel and tourism industry. In this report the discussion will b on the employment life cycle of Marriott hotel. The employement life cycle refers to a cycle which includes various types of stages of the recruitment and selection. The first stage involves the recruitment stage in which the process of inviting the candidates to appear for the process of selection is invited from various source (Huselid, Becker, 2011). The employement cycle plays a crucial role in the development and growth of the business. In order to succeed for a longer period of time, the HR team of Mariott makes effective and efficient strategies so that their cycle of employement works better. The purpose of this report is to define the employment cycle of Marriott hotels that includes various types of stages related to the same (Jiang, Lepak, Hu, Baer, 2012) Like recruitment, selection, orientation of the employees, on boarding on the employees, services related to the employees, talent development, retention of the employees, performance management, transition, etc. There are Various Stages of Employment Life Cycle Recruitment Selection The process of recruitment comprises of finding the appropriate sources where the possible applicants can be invited for the job. The managers of mariott are responsible and are in charge of hiring the right candidate at a right time and at the right place. This work can be done through job boards, recruitment programs, social networking sites, campus placement, job portals that can be linked with the job fairs, colleges, and other places where candidates can be found (Jackson, Renwick, Jabbour, Camen, 2011). It is done by the mariott so that an interest can be created in the available jobs in Marriott. They also provide them effective training programs so train them and to enhance their skills so that they can work in a better way in future. The company uses traditional as well as new and innovative methods of recruitment, selection, training, orientation, etc. so that the employees remain in touch with the upcoming trend and technology. The report has discussed the points related to the employement life cycle like, selection, orientation of the employees, on boarding on the employees, services related to the employees, talent development, retention of the employees, performance management, transition, etc. The process of selection comprises of selecting right candidate from the pool of applicants applied for the job. There is a need to understand the planning of human resource management. The principles of recruitment and selection of Marriott hotel are very popular among the other hotels and tourism industry as they have adopted the most updated and innovative way to recruit and select the people (Kehoe, Wright, 2013). According to them, the employees that are recruited newly should be hired through friendly way and their training must be technical in nature. The new and updates principle of recruitment and selection in Marriott are related to the new employees which are required to be hired in a friendly way (Albrech, 2011). There is a need to train them properly. The compensation provided to them must be correct and bring balance in the life of the employees. The Marriott is trying to take care of the bottom line so that they can concentrate on each and every requirement of the employees (Scullion, Collings, 2011). Orientation on boarding The on boarding and orientation services of mariott hotel are very good and of high quality. They provide specific, technical training and support to each and every individual according to their field and interest. They try to focus on the key Ares where the employees actually require training. the areas where orientation requires is food and beverages, cooking, finance, accounting, operations, culinary, revenue management, rooms operations, engineering, human resources, event planning, sales and marketing, etc. (Ployhart, Moliterno, 2011). the orientation also requires in the areas where the emersion of the operations and functions of hotel take place. The orientation services are also provided to bring innovation and creativity, understanding of the other Marriott, to understand the portfolio of the Marriott hotel and to global brands, etc. the major part of the orientation take place for the communication skills and interaction as it is one of key quality that must be present (Si rmon, Hitt, Ireland, Gilbert, 2011). After the training and orientation of the employees, they are transferred and posted to the place where they can best suit their position. Training and orientation programs provide Employee Services Marriott provides various types of benefits and employees services to its employees to keep them happy and satisfied. They always try to provide them an environment which is supportive where they can grow and develop their own skills an also build a long term career in the same company. They say that everything they do is related to the career of the employees (Alfes, Shantz, Truss, Soane, 2013). They promote the culture of help and support, learning team work, and collegial atmosphere which is a part of the job and every day. Mariott offers various benefits to its employees like Pay and Benefits The pay benefits related to the offers, compensation, and other benefits provide by the hotel to its employees. The benefits are related to the role, job, location, etc. They provide competitive packages which provide benefits to the employees that may vary from country to country. Hotel room discounts to the employees and their relatives Discounts of the food and beverages Retail discounts in the gift shops, other shops etc. Advancement discounts and competitive pay These are the benefits provided by the Marriott to their employees Recognition It is related to the opportunity of promotion, transfers, of the employees to the higher post, Increment in the position on which the employees is working, etc. Growth Opportunities The growth opportunities are related to the opportunities to develop and grow the skills and talent within the company by providing them training and development programs, orientation of the new employees, etc. (Mendenhall, 2012). Global Growth The global growth of employees of Marriott is related to the overall growth of the employees in the international markets of the company. They can be promoted to the other nations hotels and other locations. it is also related when there is any new hotel open in a new country the employees are transferred to further grow and develop their talent and skills (Mowday, Porter, Steers, 2013). Talent Development Retention It is directly related to the growth and development of the employees in a way that they remain in the organization for a longer period of time with a satisfaction level in their minds. The company Marriott believes that if the employees are happy while working, they will not switch to other company easily (Markus, Kitayama, 2010). In order to achieve this, the company has various policies to retain the talent in the company. Performance Management The performance management is related to the managers and employees who plan to work together and monitor, review, etc. the performance of the employees working with the Marriott. The motive of doing so is to bring improvement by identifying the loopholes in the performances of the employees and productivity of the company (Littlejohn, Foss, 2010). These are records, data and information related to the employees performance the Hr managers and top level management to bring effectiveness in the performance and to give them proper amount of training. It not only helps the employees but also the company as better the performance of the employees good will be the productivity of the company. It is a vice-versa process as it influences each and every member (Wong, 2013). Transition The process of transition is related to the changes and innovation in the employees. It is very relevant for Marriott to bring changes in the employees and in their working environment. Transition helps the company to check the caliber and potential of the employees within the company. The employees try to manage themselves in the critical and new situation so that they can manage to be more productive n the future; it directly or indirectly helps in making the performance of the employees better. The process of transition will take a particular item to change one situation from another (Richey, Klein, 2014). It can achieve by comparing the both of the station together so that the firm can easily adapt the change stake place in the internal and external environment of the company. Marriott hotel and industry is very adaptive as they easily adapt the changes and bring innovation accordingly. Changes are always good for the up gradation and development of the company. They are related to the upliftment that will affect the brand position and brand recognition. The process of transition take place with a particular process and then the new policies and strategies can be applied to the organization. The first step of transition is to identify the key areas where the process of transition is required to be applied (Shuck, Wollard, 2010). Afterwards, the plan can be made and policies can be framed. The third step is to apply and implement the theories to the organization. The last step is to analyze the control the changes. Conclusion At last, a conclusion on the present study is that human resource management and employment life cycle of Marriott hotel is effective as compared to any other hotel and tourism industry of the entire world. The company has tried to establish them in the top brands of the company by proper management of the employees at the workplace; it plays a vital role as the employees are the only source from which the work requires to be done. The company Marriott hotels has adopted very updates and effective techniques for the recruitment and selection of their employees. They also provide them effective training programs so train them and to enhance their skills so that they can work in a better way in future. The company uses traditional as well as new and innovative methods of recruitment, selection, training, orientation, etc. so that the employees remain in touch with the upcoming trend and technology. The report has discussed the points related to the employement life cycle like, selection, orientation of the employees, on boarding on the employees, services related to the employees, talent development, retention of the employees, performance management, transition, etc. References Albrech, S. L. (2011). Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice.Human Resource Management International Digest,19(7). Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Truss, C., Soane, E. C. (2013). 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A. (2010).Theories of human communication. Waveland press. Markus, H. R., Kitayama, S. (2010). Cultures and selves: A cycle of mutual constitution.Perspectives on Psychological Science,5(4), 420-430. Mendenhall, M. E. (2012).Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M. (2013).Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Ployhart, R. E., Moliterno, T. P. (2011). Emergence of the human capital resource: A multilevel model.Academy of Management Review,36(1), 127-150. Richey, R. C., Klein, J. D. (2014).Design and development research: Methods, strategies, and issues. Routledge. Scullion, H., Collings, D. (2011).Global talent management. Routledge. Shuck, B., Wollard, K. (2010). Employee engagement and HRD: A seminal review of the foundations.Human Resource Development Review,9(1), 89-110. Sirmon, D. G., Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Gilbert, B. A. (2011). Resource orchestration to create competitive advantage: Breadth, depth, and life cycle effects.Journal of management,37(5), 1390-1412. Wong, P. T. (Ed.). (2013).The human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications. Routledge.